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renovation.
(3) Howard's classroom was in the basement. (4) The shadowy corridor that led back to it was
lined with glass cases containing exhibits whose titles read, Small Mammals of North America,
Birds of the Central United States, and Reptiles of the Desert Southwest. (5) The dusty
specimens perched on little stands; their tiny claws gripped the smooth wood nervously. (6) A
typewritten card, yellow with age, bearing the name of its genus and species. (7) The classroom
itself was outfitted with a stainless steel sink, and behind the lectern loomed a dark-wood cabinet
through whose glass doors one could see rows of jars, each holding what appeared to be an
animal embryo floating in a murky liquid. (8) The classroom wreaked of formaldehyde.
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473. Which of the following sentences, if inserted between Parts 6 and 7, would best fit the
author's pattern of development in the second paragraph of the above passage?
a. Howard would be teaching Byron, Shelley, and Keats this term.
b. In the display case opposite Howard's classroom, a pocket gopher reared up on its hind
legs, staring glassy-eyed into the open doorway.
c. Although Markham was at least twenty-five years younger than Renwick, the
administration had chosen to renovate it rather than the aging, crumbling science building.
d. Genus and species are taxonomic categories.
474. Which of the following numbered parts contains a nonstandard sentence?
a. Part 1
b. Part 2
c. Part 6
d. Part 7
475. Which of underlined words in the above paragraph needs to be replaced with its homonym?
a. led
b. their
c. read
d. wreaked
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Section 6
Essay Questions
The sets in this final section provide 26 essay-writing topics. These topics are representative of
the kinds of writing prompts that you might find on an essay-writing test. As you plan and write
practice essays, first choose the topics that are of interest to you or the topics that you know
something about. When you begin to feel comfortable writing a 30-minute essay on a familiar
subject, try writing from the topics that are less familiar and stretch your writing comfort zone.
On page 153 of this book, in the Answers section, you will find a scoring guide. This guide
shows a six-point scale, with 6 being an excellent essay and 1 being a poor essay. Guides like
these are often used by teachers and evaluators of standardized writing tests to score your essay.
You can use this guide to help you evaluate your own essays, or give the guide, along with your
essay, to a friend or teacher. Often another person is much better at evaluating a piece of writing
than the writer him- or herself can be.
Also in the Answers section, you will find sample essays for the first six topics in this section
(Sets 38 40). These essays will show you how the scoring guide is used to evaluate particular
essays.
Generally, you should try for a score of 4 or above for your essays. If your essay falls below a
score of 4, revise your work to see if you can raise it to a 5- or a 6-level essay, and show the new
version to your evaluator.
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SET 38 (Scoring guide on page 153, sample essays on page 154.)
Carefully read the essay-writing topics that follow. Choose one topic on which to write. Plan and
write an essay that addresses all points in the topic you have chosen.
476. Should public school students be required to wear uniforms? Supporters argue that, among
other things, uniforms would improve discipline and build a strong sense of community and
identity. On the other hand, opponents believe that uniforms limit students' freedom of
expression and their development as individuals.
Write an essay in which you take a position on whether or not public school students should
be required to wear uniforms to school. Be sure to support your position with logical
arguments and specific examples.
477. Recently American students are said to have fallen behind in the sciences, and some
educators believe it is because American teachers are conducting science classes
ineffectively.
Write an essay in which you suggest ways science classes could be conducted so as to more
effectively challenge high school and college students.
SET 39 (Scoring guide on page 153, sample essays on page 158.)
Make sure that your essays are well organized and that you support each central argument with
concrete examples. Allow about 30 minutes for each essay.
478. In a review of Don DeLillo's novel White Noise, Jayne Anne Phillips writes that the
characters are people "sleepwalking through a world where 'Coke is It!' and the TV is
always on." On the other hand, television is said by some to have brought the world to
people who would not have seen much of it otherwise, that it has made possible a "global
village."
Write an essay in which you express your opinion of the effect of television on individuals
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